Engerer's Saint Saens Second Piano Concerto first movement has all the clarity, power, articulation and yet fluidity anyone could hope for, but uses them entirely in the service of the music and draws out ideas I've never heard before. Unfortunately her recordings seem to have gone out of print and almost no one is selling their copies. Little wonder why. She's possibly the greatest piano artist that I've heard.

Dover studied with the outstanding Guarneri Quartet, who appeared to find a worthy successor in them. Dover's playing echoes Guarneri's vivacious energy, and lets through some of Guarneri's individualism, but works in a more traditionally coordinated manner. For example, Dover bows together consistently where Guarneri might not.

Compared to Guarneri, Dover creates an interesting blend of subtextual individualism with more structurally cohesive ensemble; they bring some of their own personalities to their playing, but move together through conscious technique to bring the music to life. The result is highly musical yet refreshing and natural. Check out the Dover Quartet's excellent recordings on their Youtube channel.

The middle movement includes a charming clarinet concertante part that feels less contrived than Mozart's clarinet concerto writing. But then many of Mozart's concerti were intended to spotlight a friend, patron, or family member. Richter's composing seems more purely in service of the music, and is arguably better for it.

Like much progressive rock, ELO's music tends towards the pompous and overblown. Jeff's ELO writing was decidedly popular, but always had very catchy hooks, and as it turns out were nearly perfectly crafted tunes. Incorporating an orchestral sound, their major hits like Telephone Line, Mr. Blue Sky, Don't Bring Me Down had solid rock roots and a definite blues underpinning.

I didn't really have enough knowledge of blues to notice the latter before, but the initially underwhelming and deceptively simple blues song "Need Her Love" on what should be a horrifyingly bad Discovery album seems a nearly perfect distillation of the blues oeuvre. With piano essentially strumming blues chords, a simple but lovely blues guitar solo leads into a prototypical blues melody that just about perfectly encapsulates much of what it seems blues has been trying to say over its decades. It's all wrapped in a symphonic sensibility blending vocals, melody, percussion, string and choral counterpoint and harmony. Tenderly pretty, to me Need Her Love is one of ELO's hidden gems and a supreme salute to blues ballads.

The song preceding it, "Confusion," is unique, but tinged with Roy Orbison, with big, reverbed, tympanic booms, punchy electric piano chords, pizzicato string punctuation, and a catchy, if strange, refrain.

Taken together, the Discovery album fits together very tidily, even with its silly elements. Even the extremely disco "Last Train To London" integrates with the other songs on the album such as "On The Run". That integration is aided by Richard Tandy's shining keyboard figures which somehow bridge Jeff's themes seamlessly, both between and within the songs. The blues background underlying this album makes spacey songs like "Wishing" somehow fit with power pop ballads like "Midnight Blue" and even the top 5 jaunty rocker "Don't Bring Me Down."

Initial impressions of this album were nearly uniformly negative. Taken in a broader context of blues, rock, and even disco, that impression could not be more wrong. Musically, this is an unexpectedly good album. Lynne's proportions and styling are nearly perfect on nearly everything he's worked on, including the late middle period of Discovery.

Jeff Lynne could easily be in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a producer alone. Great musicians like Roy Orbison, George Harrison, Paul McCarthy, Tom Petty, Bob Dylan, Joe Walsh chose Lynne to be their producer because they heard his brilliance in his own writing and production. Lynne's own work is worthy of the Hall of Fame also. Its quality is underappreciated, perhaps due to his music's popular success. The genre tends to be overlooked.

Wassenaer allowed his friend Carlo Ricciotti to publish Concerti Armonici but only if he claimed them as his own. The six concerti vary in style and sophistication. I found the fifth concerto has stronger, richer and more pleasing harmonies than Bach and counterpoint nearly as good as Bach's. The pieces were misattributed to Pergolesi until a manuscript was found in Wassenaer's castle in 1979 with a foreward explaining why he didn't want the works attributed to him. Wassenaer's talent shines through in these compositions.

Naxos has a version of the concerti on period instruments by the Aradia Ensamble. Aradia's playing is vital yet organic and the sonics relatively smooth. It seems more broadly available than the Academy's version.

Ballard also wrote another Rainbow hit "I Surrender," "God Gave Rock and Roll to You" later covered by Kiss, "I Know There's Something Going On" for ABBA singer Frida, "New York Grove" covered by Hello and latery by Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley, "You Can Do Magic" for America, "I Don't Believe in Miracles", and many others. Russ Ballard is definitely one of my favorite rock writers along with Jim Peterik, Bernie Taupin, David Foster, etc....

Other works on the CD are Bruch's Eight Pieces for Clarinet, Viola and Piano, along with the F Major Romance, Opus 85. All of Bruch's Romances are ravishingly beautiful, some of the most beautiful music written, and if more people could hear the viola speak this well, perhaps it would have a better represention in the concertante and concerto repertoire.

Bruch's opera singer parents' household somehow infused his ear and brain with the ability to divine the inner musical voice of each instrument so clearly. Here, the voice of the viola and clarinet and indeed every instrument in the orchestra shine through as if they were always meant to sing this music. Bruch is woefully underappreciated. Music should have a compelling story to tell. In Bruch each instrument enthralls with a story nature gave it to tell in a gloriously romantic chorus of players.

Many performances of Brahms' orchestral works are unduly heavy-handed and bombastic; almost unlistenable. I don't know why. It really doesn't seem to be in the music and Brahms surely deserves better. Maybe it's bad fashion. Fischer and the Festival Orchestra seemingly effortlessly bring forth tenderness, charm and grace in this 4th that is surely the product of great work in rehearsals and great artistic thought, attention and skill.

Wow, the Tchaikovsky Romeo and Juliet that accompanies their Tchaikovsky 4th Symphony is achingly beautiful! So highly musical it brings wonder at why so many other performances aren't. Granted these are workhorse pieces in the repertoire, but why not treat them with respect and love for the music and not rote-played chores? Part of the appeal is some flexibility in tempi, or at least not playing too fast, which is an unfortunate modern norm. The sound on the third movement Pizzicati of the Tchaikovsky 4 is phenomenally clean with great depth, clarity, air and hall sound. These are great recordings of great performances.

In my current pantheon of Germanic(*) Classical and Romantic composers, Dvorak is becoming my favorite for his full mastery of the forms, blending of his native Slavic (and some American!) folk melodies, and supreme beauty. Something as seemingly simple as a waltz is crafted by Dvorak from a flowing sequence of increasingly layered string harmonies. The progression of string harmony seamlessly and appropriately matches the gathering momentum of the dance. The catchy result is both highly melodic and rhythmic, but in a way that's also simultaneously dignified, emotional and a bit nostalgic. It is the height of art to be able to capture such a perfect universe in a composition.

(*Dvorak is of course a Slav, but musically a descendant of Brahms, who is a descendant of Beethoven, who is a descendant of Mozart, who is a descendant of J. C. Bach and Haydn; all Germans or Austrians in a distinctly Germanic musical spirit.)

Conductor Mark Ermler's performance of the first and second Suites leading the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, paired on CD with Grieg's Peer Gynt, is just about perfect: lively, but tastefully paced and well-recorded.

Taking a closer listen to the CD and reading the liner notes it seems this recording was multi-miked, using "up to forty-eight carefully positioned microphones" and likely utilized Sony equipment, and the resulting sound is unnaturally close and bright, which is unfortunate. A more natural recording technique could have resulted in a much more pleasant listening experience and realistic perspective.

Thematically, the opera brings up righteous protestant guilt, presumption, lust, innuendo and paranoia. Premiering in 1955, these can be interpreted as echos of historic witchunts forward into an era of McCarthyism. These explain a context by attempting to explore its basis in culture.

In Norma, Bellini seems to have followed his teacher Zingarelli's advice to find great melody and present it simply. The result is spectacularly enjoyable if a bit simplistic.

Bellini is a very appealing, talented and accomplished composer. Based on a single exposure, I'd be tempted to put him almost on par with Mozart, but in a distinctly Italianate early Romantic context. Sentimental, his music builds on classical structure with just enough artifice to support series of lovely melodies. The result is delightful and unusually tasteful, neither dry classicism nor bombastic romanticism, but pleasantly-balanced, good music.

Ma's performance of the Haydn is clean and relatively unsentimental, which seems appropriate for the Classical period, though Haydn interpreted with a romantic sensibility finds willing support in his characteristic singing melodies. The J. C. Bach was a revelation; a Galant period piece with little baroque counterpoint, short pleasant melodies: a seeming preview of the Romantic period. Haydn also presaged Romanticism to the extent that he always had a strong focus on beautiful melody while working within rigorous and fundamentally sound classical structures. Haydn is admirable for his bridging and advancing of music from Baroque through Classical periods, while not excluding the future Romantic revolution. J. C. Bach's surprisingly pretty Concertante revealed a transition between Baroque and Classical that seems more liberated and evocative than either, exemplifying the distinct and tuneful Galant period well.

As an aside, the Sony (CBS?) Haydn recording is disappointing, with oversteely solo cello, generally indistinct sound, and some very poor edits, even while the playing is excellent.

Very nice recording also, though clearly close miked on the soloist with possible extra spot mikes in the orchestra. While this works artistically for the light and airy reading, it's not the right way to do recordings in general since it destroys the natural sound field.

Joseph Haydn found Schroeter's music charming, as he did the other composer's widower Rebecca Schroeter. She was Haydn's lover and main muse during his London years.

Searching for Zipoli's music on YouTube, mostly choral works accompanied by harpsichord and strings reveal a range of sublimely well-written, uplifting, pretty pieces. Above all Zipoli's music exists to elevate the human spirit, and it does so beautifully.

The Introduction and scene "Galitsin's Journey" from Mussorgsky's opera Khovanshchina as arranged by Rimsky-Korsakov is next. As usual Rimsky-Korsakov's orchestrations are superb. Both set the sad mood of the opera with some of the best orchestral writing. The Introduction can easily stand on its own as a showpiece of symphonic grace, beauty and charm. This is my favorite piece on the program. Fairly minimalist recording (perhaps 3 stereo pairs) presents the soloists and groups of instruments in a very coherent space. Performances are perfectly attuned to the music; Macal conveys his innate understanding of the works seemingly effortlessly through the orchestra. And that's not at all easy to do. Great players, great conducting.

The final pice is a wonderfully-well played and recored Pictures at an Exhibition as arranged by Ravel. Instrumental sound is exemplary, and the interpretation is artful.

The recording is very nice, if close-miked. As usual, close miking results in some balance problems since the dynamics of individual instruments have an almost totally artificial relationship to each other. Live music played in a real space has a much more favorable balance of instrumental dynamics than close-miked recordings, because they are real sounds sources in a real space. You do not hear a concert with your ear a half meter away from every instrument. Recordings shouldn't be made that way either if they are to sound realistic.

Some reviewers on Amazon complained bitterly of the slower than typical tempo, but most modern performances of classical music are too fast, some grotesquely so. Beethoven's score is marked Adagio Cantabile, meaning literally easy and singing, or stately, lyrical and flowing at about 66 to 76 beats per minute. Most other modern recordings seem significantly faster than Beethoven intended. Faster often is not better, especially with classical music.

The writing is simultaneously lighthearted yet sophisticated, whimsical yet respectful of the deeply-rooted folk themes and mythology. Orchestrations and general writing technique are expert and pretty. It's music that's both wildly popular and highly competent, seemingly an unusual combination where great artists are more commonly unappreciated in their own time. I'm not sure that I'd call Humperdinck great, but his Hansel and Gretel is very, very good. The Bamberg Symphony gives a nice performance under Karl Anton Rickenbacher on Virgin Classics 61128.

Additional Humperdinck pieces such as Konigskinder continue to impress with excellent arrangement and resulting rich tone colors. Like Wagner, horn arrangement really stands out. Stings and woodwinds also excellent. The pieces are so well orchestrated that they stand head and shoulders above most other late romantic works. Konigskinder has concert horns, tubas, soulful oboe or cor anglais, tastefully integrated harp; really a large Romantic orchestra superbly utilized.

Jacqueline du Pre's performance of the Boccherini with Daniel Barenboim conducting the English Chamber Orchestra is, like all of her work, wonderous. She not only makes everything she plays distinctly her own, but emotes and conceives so well that her interpretations become exemplars of how well the pieces could be played, but too seldom are. The world lost one its greatest artists when Du Pre passed away far too young in 1987. We are fortunate to have her brilliant recordings through which to remember her. I feel fortunate to have picked up a box set of her performances at Amazon, EMI's 1990 reissue collection called "Favourite Cello Concertos", which includes Elgar, Boccherini, Dvorak, Saint-Saens, Haydn, Monn, and Schumann concerti. Conductors are Barenboim with the English Chamber Orchestra and Barbirolli with the London Symphony Orchestra.

Holly Woods' performance on Toronto's "Get It On Credit" is strong throughout, as is the writing and playing in general. Toronto opened for some huge bands like Journey, Robert Palmer, Foreigner, Ted Nugent, Nazareth. Their sound and writing on "Get It On Credit" is a perfect mix of '80s hard rock, female-led vocal harmonies and a tinge of punk. "You're A Mystery To Me" and other songs on the album like "Why Can't We Talk" could easily be mistaken for the reinvigorated Heart of 1985. Did Toronto show Heart they way back to success? The autobiographical "Across The Border" which traces the band from North Carolina to Canada easily could be mistaken for Jefferson Starship, and Starship lead vocalists Grace Slick and Mickey Thomas can be heard backing up harmonies on Toronto's "What About Love." (Holly Woods came to Toronto from San Francisco, where she fronted two bands. Presumably Slick and Thomas knew Woods from the local music scene in San Francisco.) Did anthematic rocker "Across the Border" inspire Taupin and Page to write "We Built This City" for the Starship? "Your Daddy Don't Know" is a catchy pop tune that sounds a lot like Rick Springfield's "Jessie's Girl." Canadian superband The New Pornographers did a great, slightly-edgier cover of "Your Daddy Don't Know" in 2003.

"These Dreams" was written by Bernie Taupin and Martin Page. Taupin is perhaps best known as Elton John's lyricist on many of his songs. Taupin and Page also wrote the oft-maligned but wonderful rock anthem "We Built This City" for Jefferson Starship around the same time. Page and Taupin also separately wrote hits for several other artists.

Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly are another composing duo who wrote "Alone" for Heart. Steinberg and Kelly also wrote the hits "In Your Room" and "Eternal Flame" for The Bangles, "Like A Virgin" for Madonna, "I'll Stand By You" with Chrissie Hynde for The Pretenders, "I Drove All Night" which Cyndi Lauper, Roy Orbison and Celine Dion recorded, "True Colors" with interesting versions by Cyndi Lauper and Phil Collins, and more. Steinberg wrote "Precious Time" for Pat Benetar, "How Do I Make You?" for Linda Ronstadt, others. Prior to checking out these writers I wasn't aware of the connection between these really strong works. In some cases they are the strongest writing of some of these bands.

Another cool connection is that the wonderful Bangles tune "If She Knew What She Wants" was written by Jules Shear, who also wrote "All Through the Night" which Cyndi Lauper had earlier charted with. "If She Knew What She Wants" is a lovely pop tune with a call and response between the lead vocal and really pretty multi-part harmonies. Its guitar lines are vaguely reminiscent of the Beatles. The combination of wonderful melody, driving beat and perfectly-crafted harmonies is beguiling; great songwriting.

Shear's Paisley Underground writing style is also readily apparent in the title track of Til Tuesday's "Everything's Different Now". The breakup song "J for Jules" on that same album is named after Shear who had recently broken up with Til Tuesday's lead singer and writer Aimee Mann.

Alsop's Brahms symphonies on Naxos are also said to be excellent.

A prized pupil of Viotti, Rode's concerti are milder and more balanced than his famous teacher's. This particular work is well played and has catchy themes that are more latinate than germanic. They also bridge the classical into romantic age somewhat like Mozart, though not as distinctively.

Violin concerti of the French school were prolific and popular during their time, particularly Viotti's, but seem relatively seldom performed or recorded today.

The performances are similarly excellent, as one would expect from the Beaux Arts Trio. Pressler, Cohen and Greenhouse work together perfectly and also bring out the individuality of the parts wonderfully. It's clear that Dvorak's approaches to the trio evolved over the course of the four compositions, culminating in the strongly-slavic "Dumky". Re-listening to the F minor, it may be my favorite for it's coherence, expressiveness and poignant beauty. The Dumky is more of a meditation on Slavic themes. The earlier trios may be more likely to bear some similarity to Germanic works such as Brahms'. But there is a freedom and dynamic approach to the themes that feels more open-minded, cosmopolitan and universal. Where composers like Beethoven at times appear to rebel against their German culture, (non-German) Dvorak inhabits a broader world as a wide-eyed explorer. Dvorak's result is liberating and refreshing.

These trios have stylistic roots in a European tradition, but feel like distinctly new music. Perhaps Dvorak's time visiting, conducting and composing in America has some influence on his worldly, novel viewpoint. These works remind me of American composer MacDowell more than the German Romantic tradition which Dvorak's formal musical training came from. Wherever the style of these trios can be traced to, the result is outstanding. These are compositions of the first order; phenomenal music, and these performances by the Beaux Arts do them full justice.

This recording is both technically and artistically exemplary.

Violin is a bit close-miked and there are some spot mikes used for some of the other instrument solos. This mike technique is standard in the commercial recording idiom, but distinctly not how we hear concerts in person. When we go to concerts we hear a holistic perspective of soloist and orchestra working together in the same acoustic space. Such a perspective is impossible from recordings where instruments are individually miked. Recordings should be made with as few microphones as possible and placed far enough away to capture all the players on the stage as a coherent, but broadly spaced whole. In a good multi-channel recording, instruments are easily discernible spatially due to correctly preserving the timing relationships of the arrival of acoustic waves in space. Spot mikes are neither needed nor wanted since they artificially break those relationships in the natural reverberant field.

Sound is good despite being close- and spot-miked. Individual instrument signal integrity in the recording is very high, though due to the multi-miking, there is a disconcerting sense of not being recorded in a real space. The many microphones capture individual instrument sounds clearly, but can't present a holistic sense of the overall acoustic space since they mix in so many different perspectives. Each mike is like having another ear, and at some point (arguably beyond 2 to 5) there are too many. We don't hear with 10 ears, each in a very different place in the hall. Recordings should not be made as if we did. The musicians' performances are excellent, but unfortunately the less than realistic sonic perspective distracts from them.

Thompson's powerful "The Testament of Freedom" was a choral work composed to honor Thomas Jefferson's bicentennial. It starts with his powerful quote:

The God who gave us life gave us liberty at the same time; the hand of force may destroy but cannot disjoin them.
-- A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774)

The performance on Reference Recordings RR-49 by the Turtle Creek Chorale and the Dallas Wind Symphony is beautifully-performed and wonderfully well-recorded in HDCD.

First-rate performances by the Tatrai Quartet on Hungaraton HCD 11838-39 are appropriately enthusiastic, elegant, rocking and dignified when the music calls for it. Sound is a bit bright and close-miked, but clear.

Famous for direct to disc recordings, AES fellow Kukla comes from the old school of audio engineers who made recordings sound good by starting with a very few, very well-placed microphones and a solid understanding of acoustics coupled with an artist's sensibility and a critical ear. These are guys who don't "clean it up in post-production". They get it right when it's first recorded.

The recording is so good that it highlights just how good my Sennheiser HD-600 headphones are, along with my highly modified high-end Assemblage digital to analog conversion chain fed by a Pioneer Elite universal disc player. I think I can hear the warmth of the Neuman M-49 microphone on the 1739 Dominicus Montagna Cello played by Kates and the relative flatness of the two AKG C414 microphones on Pope Kobler's Boesendorfer Grand Piano. They're both a bit close-miked, though, with some (likely) Crown PZM mikes used for mixing in some hall ambience from the room boundaries.

Because of the latter, the recording technique is not strictly minimalist, though ambience mikes are somewhat common on audiophile recordings. Regardless, the overall effect is relatively seamless aside from the slightly cooler piano sound compared to a warmer cello. Given the wide frequency range of the piano, this is arguably appropriate. Harmonic "preferences" probably would be more noticeable on the wider-bandwidth piano sound. Mixing was probably done in the analog domain on a Quad 8 mixer, though the SPARS code says ADD, suggesting a digital mixer. The recording is a bit short at just over 40 minutes, but it's difficult to recall a better 40 minutes of music.

Rachmaninoff's composition is complex, romantic, frisky, dramatic, joyous and not too sad. No deep melancholy this time, just really, really beautiful conversation and interplay. In the hands of these two very gifted artists playing extremely well together, it's magical. They take turns charming and soaring in musical ecstasy. Rachmaninoff explores a wide variety of colors especially from the cello but also from the piano, and it all serves an artistic purpose that's unlike any other piece or any other composer. The recording captures enormously subtle sounds from both instruments. This is an unusually good recording in that it requires equipment to reveal all that it contains and listeners to perceive as much of it as they can. There's far too much beauty going on musically and sonically to fully describe in words, and the artistry is fantastic. Find a copy if you can.

I got a used copy of the CD from the Amazon marketplace. Listening again confirms that Say is a phenomenal artist, able to communicate both the brilliant joy and tender emotion of Mozart's finest and perhaps most personal compositions. His command of the instrument reminds a bit of the articulation and power of Horowitz, and his emotional reach seems to go directly to the heart of the music. Inner notes and passages are colored and shaded with artful skill, and boisterous parts burst to life. Fazil Say's extensive Jazz experience may help him extract emotion from timing variations within the music, particularly during the more introspective slow portions. The disc includes performances of concerti 12, 21 and 23. CD sound quality is excellent, with good hall and stage reverberation. Some of the excellent instrument sound may be due to close miking, however.

Other tracks on the disc include Mutter with Ozawa and the ORTF performing Sarasate's Zigeunerweisen and von Karajan conducting the Berliner Philharmonic in Massenet's Thais Meditation. EMI released these 1980s recordings in 2002 with catalog number 74737 and reissued it in 2008 with number 809907 according to cduniverse.com. The price of the earlier version is nearly half of the later version.

Herbert Blomstedt's performance of Sibelius' Second with the San Francisco Symphony makes it seem like a continuation of Tchaikovsky's symphonies but with a starker, sunnier disposition. Does the clarity of the Nordic countryside infuse a different spirit than Russian? The progression of styles through Sibelius' symphonies is fascinating. This was an artist growing and changing before our ears.

Did Bruch's opera singer parents influence his singing melodic lines? Bruch's music isn't just devastatingly beautiful, it's also structurally pretty with wonderful counterpoint, orchestrations and generally masterful use of orchestra and solo instruments. For sheer beauty, Bruch is one of my favorite composers.

Hough makes what is arguably the most difficult piano concerto ever composed sound easy. Every note of this technically adroit performance is clearly articulated, and that's really difficult to do with so much going on in the piece. The shading of quiet notes in complex passages is deft. It's clear that Hough is a talent of the highest order, but his interpretation of this work misses the mark.

My reference for this piece and other Rachmaninoff concerti and solo works are the historical recordings of Rachmaninoff himself. Those recordings are not very good, but the composer's maniacal personality and unbelievable control of the story and color of each note come through loud and clear. Any performance of Rachmaninoff that's not overwrought with emotion and played with large doses of reckless abandon is probably played incorrectly, at least in terms of the composer's intentions.

Natalie Clein's performance of Elgar's Cello Concerto with Royal Liverpool Philharmonic conducted by Vernon Handley on EMI 01409 is very charming. Time to look into some nice versions of this seminal cello piece and masterful romantic composition, including this recording.

Wolf-Ferrari eventually found great success in his own time and had his works widely performed, but they fell out of favor and into obscurity seemingly as quickly as they rose. Modern performances and even recordings are rare, which is unfortunate given the great beauty of the music. As an aside, it's amazing how many great works were nearly lost including those of Mozart, Bruch, even Bach. Surprisingly it sometimes takes a vigorous, high-profile champion to keep a composer's works alive.

About the only technical note anywhere to be found is that it's a 24-bit recording by engineer Bob Rapley, presumably using SBM for reduction to 16-bit. The 2000 copyright confirms it predates 1-bit DSD, Sony's preferred medium of late.

Check out Philips reissue of Bruch's complete Violin Concertos [sic] 462167 with Salvatore Accardo and Kurt Masur conducting the Leipzig Gewandhaus. The two disc set also includes his Scottish Fantasy and Serenade for violin and orchestra Opus 75. The lesser known latter two of his three concerti are stronger works than my first impression suggested, and the performances here are excellent. The widely-performed Scottish Fantasy should be trite for its commonality but is so pretty in so many ways that it's a perpetual delight. The concerti for multiple string soloists are the only missing major concerti from this set.

According to the Wikipedia biography, KDFC, apparently Stephen Hough's performance with the City of Birmingham Symphony. Hough's performance is masterful and the Symphony provides very capable accompaniment. Sauer's very pretty if slightly quirky late romantic concerto was influenced by teachers Nikolai Rubenstein and Liszt. It's paired with Scharwenka's Foruth Concerto on Hyperion's Volume 11 of The Romantic Piano Concerto. Worth getting for outstanding conceptions by Hough of these interesting compositions. The performances were modern recording debuts in 1995, about nine decades from new.

The work has very nice orchestrations, very good piano composition, pretty melodies, etc. Definitely an above-average, lesser-known concerto.

Her performance of the Hummel is also excellent! Really nice technique, concept and feeling. Balsom is an outstanding musician. The orchestral accompaniment is perhaps a bit too buoyant and playful at times, but it's really hard to fault them for enjoying their performance.

Perhaps not surprisingly, Balsom gives a fantastic performance of the Haydn also, with beautiful rounded tone on all notes, lots of emotion, warmth and fire, characteristics that are almost completely lacking on Wynton Marsalis' recording of the same work. The Bremen orchestra is again an enthusiastic and highly competent partner in this work. One could not ask much more from a soloist or orchestra. Sound quality is very good also.

• His first violin concerto is sweeter and more emotionally engaging than Brahms', and to a Brahms lover, that's very hard to achieve. His later violin concerti are lesser works, but are charming in their own way.
• His double concerto for Violin and Cello engages the soloists in one of the most beautiful musical conversations I've heard.
• Bruch's Concerto for Two Pianos in a-flat is also very, very pretty especially when played at an unhurried pace for example by sisters Güher and Süher Pekinel with the Philharmonia under Neville Marriner.
• Bruch also has a very charming and sweet Concerto for Violin and Viola, Opus 88. It features more lovely interplay between soloists. The possibly out-of-print 2001 recording by Victor Tretiakov and Yuri Bashmet with the LSO under Neeme Jaervi on RCA 63292 is very nice.
• Sergei Nakariakov's flugelhorn performance of Bruch's Canzone with Ashenazy conducting and the Philharmonia is simply incredible. It is superbly played, and calming in effect, yet spine-chilling in its beauty. Nakariakov's tone is arguably perfect and his shaping of phrases is of the finest artistic design, resulting in a deep emotional impact from his superlative musicianship. He's able to elicit as much or more emotion from his transcription to flugelhorn of Bruch's beautiful work than the viola it was written for. Hearing such an unimaginable feat is proof that it's possible when performed with Nakariakov's acknowledged genius. It may be somewhat heretical, but his horn rendition of Canzone may be better than I have heard from viola or violin. Unfortunately Teldec 80651 CD titled "No Limit" is out of print.

Naxos' collection of Delius' orchestral works (8.553535) is highlighted by the Florida Suite, played by the English Northern Philharmonia conducted by David Lloyd-Jones. Their pacing of the Florida Suite is slightly faster than the langorous, steamy heat of Jacksonville might suggest, but the performance is very nice. Lloyd-Jones' conception of the pieces is sensitive, yet well-structured and full of life. Sound, as usual for Naxos, is excellent with good hall sound and great instrumental timbres.

The English Northern is an opera company and perhaps their best work in this collection is the excerpted final scene from the opera Koanga, a romantic tragedy set at a Louisiana plantation. The orchestration on Koanga is among the best I've heard, particularly of the horns and to a lesser extent woodwinds and strings. Vocal arrangement and writing are also very strong with wonderful counterpoint, harmony and melody. Delius' composition in Koanga is incredibly rich and sonorous, yet lithe, effortless, graceful and stunningly beautiful. It's also highly musically satisfying as both a technical and artistic masterpiece. That Delius' work could be considered anything less than extrordinarily masterful is shocking and disappointing. Thomas Beacham appreciated and promoted it, however. Other works include Over the Hills and Far Away, Idylle Printemps, La Quadroone and Scherzo. The collection highlights the depth and breadth of Delius influences and excellence. While studying at the Leipzig Conservatory, Delius' mentors and colleagues included Edvard Grieg, Sitt, Reinecke, Sinding. He also raised a family in France. This disc gets better and better with repeated listening due to the depth, breadth and exceptionally high quality of Delius' writing. Performances and sonics are excellent too.

Note that it's really helpful to have a very high-resolution audio system to listen to Delius' music. Lesser systems really don't allow the interplay of instruments and the subtle intricacy of the arrangements to be heard. Listening to the same recordings through my current computer system is a vastly different experience of rich and pretty, but largely indistinct sounds. Hearing a good, live performance is probably the best.

Delius' The Walk to the Paradise Garden is a sublimely beautiful intermezzo from the 1901 play A Village Romeo and Juliet. Apparently it's one of his most-performed orchestral works, and rightly so. It evokes a sense of mysterious wonder, emerging from cool calm into bright joy. Another superb composition by Delius.

I've recently come to really appreciate Tusk, the 1979 album following Rumours. I picked up the relatively recent remaster (remaster date not shown on cover or liner notes) of the double vinyl album onto a single CD, possibly at a "Super Saver Price" at a now defunct Tower Records retail store. The big hits Sara, Tusk with the USC Marching Band, etc., have all of their bold and brassy glory. But the smaller, quieter, spacey numbers by Buckingham and Christine McVie are charming, emotional and beautiful. Save Me A Place is a, structurally-simple, languid, heartfelt blues number with stunningly-pretty, four-part vocal harmonies. The funny, funky, quirky Buckingham tunes like I Know I'm Wrong also charm.

Some say that Fleetwood Mac is a better live than studio band. That may be true in terms of audience experience, but Fleetwood Mac is also one of the top studio bands of all time, and this comes across superbly in hit studio albums like Tusk. The very nice remastering here really helps. The original recording quality of Tusk is outstanding, as it should be for a band of this caliber. I assume it's an extremely high quality analog multitrack recording with very careful miking and very clean analog processing. The original recording is credited to Ken Caillat and Richard Dashut at The Village Recorder, with "some tracks recorded by Lindsey Buckingham at home." Caillat is also credited with the remastering, with Soundstream equipment used for digital mixdown. (Soundstream was used for many good-sounding Telarc classical digital recordings.) Sound is decidedly better than earlier albums Rumors and Fleetwood Mac. String, drum, brush and voice sounds are excellent; far, far above typical commercial pop. These albums were huge business, but they were also huge art and huge heart. The deserve their place in the pantheon of popular music.

Schumann: Bunte Blätter pretty

Dvorak Cello Concerto too

Rosand's Sibelius paired with the Khachaturian (VXP 7904) is a bit less enthralling, perhaps in small part due to the partnership with the Malaysian Philharmonic under Kees Bakels, but it's thoughtful and interesting. A Vox disk (VXP 7906) with the Bruch concerto, A Minor Romance and Scottish Fantasy with the Hannover NDR Radio-Philharmonie has definite charms.

Rosand's tone is charming, his playing fresh and emotionally charged. His Romances for Violin and Piano with Hugh Sung (VOX 7505) are wonderful performances of standards by Bruch, Kreisler, Sibelius, Dvorak, Vieuwxtemps, Wieniawski, Clara Schumann, Nielsen, and others. As of that 1995 recording date, Rosand was a Professor at the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia, which is presumably where he met Sung, who graduated in 1990 after studying with Jorge Bolet and Seymour Lipkin. Sound quality is excellent and the performances could be models for how these pieces should be played. Sung's performances are excellent, though the violin is given a bit more prominence over his piano in the recordings. These were recorded at the Curtis Institute in 1993.

Pete clearly influenced rock guitarists like Eric Johnson, Steve Vai, Joe Satriani, Eddie Van Halen, and others, and if you like their work, you'll very likely enjoy Pete's as well. Haycock is at least as much of a precursor for them as Al Dimeola, Jeff Beck or Eric Clapton.

But it's the writing that especially impresses me. The best of the tunes are instant classics with catchy hooks, touching lyrics, great instrumental sound, and soaring harmonies. They're brilliant pop pieces that are also very pretty. If writers Peterik and Sullivan don't have some formal compositional training, they clearly have an appreciation for classical music. A couple of the earlier tunes "Rebel Girl" and "Rockin Into The Night" are straight ahead yet distinctive enough to have opened doors to the record companies. 38 Special got to debut record "Rockin," and it became one of their staples. The Survivor version is expectedly a bit flashier, but is related in spirit to 38 Special's cover version. Harmonies on later tunes remind somewhat of Journey, but Jamison's voice seems stronger and more pure than Steve Perry's. Survivor's sensibilities lean more towards pop, yet retain a tougher edge than Journey's polish.

Her singing and the great writing and playing of Neil Giraldo and many others of New York's finest session musicians really created a phenomenon. Some of the writing is a bit over the top, but rock is not about being shy and for the most part it works really well. Pat had the skills, talent, writing and playing from herself and those around her to succeed, and succeed she did. Compilations are retrospective in nature, but I'm grateful for the chronicles and preservation of some great music.

While her intonation of the 3/4 size violin may leave some room for improvement, her artistry is astonishing. (Part of the tonality may also be due to some closed-in sonics of the hall or microphone technique. The sound is good, but a bit opaque. Overall the sound has a slight, honking, nasal resonance.) Chang was playing a 3/4 size because she was 11 years old when the recording was made in 1992! I can't recall many adult violinists with this kind of mastery of instrument or conceptual capacity for integrating entire works.

Regarding the accompaniment, Davis seems to push the LSO at a fairly traditional pace, which at times seems to outstrip Chang's somewhat non-traditional and more leisurely interpretation. If she had a view of the work with a rhythmic basis, Davis did not seem to fully buy into it, or arguably he was providing contrast via a more conventional reading for the orchestra. Another way to view this might be to say that the orchestra indulged her experimentation while it drew her performance into the overall dynamic.

Chang also does a more than credible job on four companion tracks of Brahms' Hungarian Dances. Nothing about her fully-realized playing says "child prodigy" other than perhaps a little less than adult power, where the same could be said of the concerto. Pianist Jonathan Feldman is sympathetic and polished, everything a young virtuoso could ask for in an accompanyist.

Perhaps I should not have been too surprised to find that this is outstanding musicianship by Chang. She manages to be lively and fresh while playing with perfect expressiveness as if she were speaking, singing her own music. Each phrase and the indeed entire works are well-conceived and beautifully realized. The artist knows the story the music is telling and shares it with us lovingly. At the same time she is able to concertize with Old-World dignity and charm, with a sensitivity to the history of the pieces that puts her in a continuum of the greats. The paradox of her acknowledgment of the past together with a distinct freshness and vitality to her playing is intriguing and delightful. Chang brings the knowing heart of the music alive in a way very few violinists can. Through great talent, artistry and intelligence, she is able to express the soul and energy of the music, as if she has magically become, for the duration of its performance, part of its universal essence.

For me part of her art and charm are musically sensible tempi which are not relaxed or slow, but simply in tune with and appropriate to the music. That the tempi may be slower in places than the seemingly frenzied pace of other recordings in the past century is probably just another sign of her musical mastery.

Accompaniment by Jansons and the Berlin is nearly uniformly harmoniously excellent. Chang seems to have gotten far more respect from this orchestra than most young soloists, though at the 1996 point of this recording she was a seasoned veteran at 15 years old, having concertized since the age of 8 with the likes of Zubin Mehta and the New York Philharmonic, and Ricardo Muti and the Philadelphia. The Sibelius is a live recording, but the Berlin audience is respectfully silent as is customary in Europe.

These outstanding modern recordings by a very exceptional young artist get my highest recommendation. I hope to have the opportunity to hear Chang in concert some day!

Update: going back and re-listening to Josefowicz' Tchaikovsky leaves me wondering what I didn't like about it before. The recording is fairly close multi-miked, meaning every detail of her intonation can be heard, including perhaps a couple glitches, but she really plays this piece, and plays it very well. Perhaps it was the close-miked sound of this recording that bothered me the most. Its sound is close, but livable. But more importantly the performances of the soloist and orchestra are wonderful!

Another factor is that Salerno-Sonnenberg learned the Sibelius late in life at 28 or 29, whereas many other players learn it when young. It's a difficult piece, and the technical challenges may perhaps have made Salerno-Sonnenberg overly cautious, then lavish in her treatment. She alludes to this in her liner note interview, saying:

"It would have been a lot easier if I had learned it when I was 17 and then brought it back. Because by the time I did start to work on it I was already who I am, so I drove myself crazy with pressure. When it didn't sound good in one day, I became scared and frightened. Not to mention frustrated."

Where Josefowicz' and Marriner's performances of the Sibelius slow movement frequently leave me on the edge of tears, Salerno-Sonnenberg and Tilson Thomas leave me intellectually curious but largely unmoved. Puzzlement is not the feeling I look for in pieces from Romanic era. It's also the opposite of what I usually expect from Salerno-Sonnenberg, who so often lets her emotions radiate from the bowstrings like a 100 kilowatt ratio transmitter. One minor example is the stark barrenness depicted in the first movement by Salerno-Sonnenberg, where the composer notes espressivo. NSS takes this to mean expressing a nordic stoicism against desolation and sadness with a thin tone, whereas most other performers, Josefowicz included, use a fuller intonation to express, well, expressiveness.

Perhaps the biggest lesson to be drawn from this recording is that the conductor matters a lot. I suppose I should hurry up and move to Seattle so I can hear Gerard Schwarz more and MTT less. It's also a bit surprising that Salerno-Sonnenberg chose an intellectual approach to this piece where emotion is her great and clear advantage. Perhaps this comes from learning the Sibelius much later in life, unlike the Brahms, Tchaikovsky and others which she learned in her youth.

Update: Hearing Salerno-Sonnenberg's Sibelius a few more times leads to a new appreciation of it as more mature and introspective, but wonderful in its own regard. As opposed to being restrained or cautious, one can say that it takes a more subtle approach still infused with emotion, yet emerging from a subtext drawn more deeply from within the work itself. Salerno-Sonnenberg once again manages amazing contradictions in a performance thoughtful and intelligent yet pointedly and at all times deliciously emotional. Even with some more familiarity, a few of the decisions seem minorly quirky, but they are no longer distracting. Instead they are small differences of opinion that make an outstanding performance distinctive.

The orchestra and soloist seem to take somewhat of a "European" perspective, with a sophisticated near-reverence for the work apparent. I still feel MTT's reading is a little timid, but it could also be said that he defers the orchestra to the soloist more often, as a good accompanyist arguably should. The orchestra shares a slightly spare and lean view of this work with the soloist. Pacing is generous, and that too is somewhat European in perspective, but mainly it's probably being more faithful to composer's original tempi.

In contrast Josefowicz' performance is more extroverted and perhaps a bit more straightforward, but still sweet and appealing. Both performances of this extraordinary work find their own ways to please and delight.

Accompaniment by Gerard Schwarz and the New York Chamber Symphony circa 1988 is excellent as is so often the case whenever he picks up the baton and dedicates himself to whatever work he chooses to lead. Schwarz is becoming one of my favorite conductors. I'm not even sure I can describe his musical sensibilities or why I like them so much, but like Salerno-Sonnenberg's, Schwarz's reading and performance of many pieces simply seem right to my ear. Surely part of the attraction is deep thought and consideration both artists apparently put into their conceptualizations. So often do their performances plumb questions of what the music should say, and so seldom do they simply seem to be running through the notes as too many others perhaps may be said to do in comparison. That this collaboration would be a tremendous musical success should therefore perhaps not be too great a surprise. Highly recommended, and by the way where can I find more recordings by these two? If this is any indication, they should be wonderful. Sound is very good, if multi-miked and slightly close, as unfortunately is the commercial norm.

Lang Lang is technically adept, but like so many current musicians his pianissimi are consciously quiet, where the quiet in these passages should come from the spiritual calm of the player more than the overt physical modulation of the instrument. Similarly I find Lang Lang's emotional contrasts expressed through the music to be more affected and less heartfelt, corporeal and visceral than Nojima's. Telarc's sound on the Lang Lang recording is excellent, if somewhat characteristically mechanical and contrived in nature, which perhaps fits the performances, just as Keith Johnson's more organic and natural sound fits Nojima's.

So here we have two pianists, one striving for excellence and the other obviously being it. The contrast could not be more clear.

The Beaux Arts plays wonderfully; not much more could be asked from these performances, other perhaps for a slightly more distant microphone perspective. It's amazing that F.J. Haydn had been considered largely irrelevant by his succeeding romantic generations. His compositions are, for lack of a better description, classically classical and far less "cute" than the precocious and better-known works of upstart Mozart. The Beaux Arts is able to infuse the joyful compositional beauty of Papa Haydn's trios with skillful elegance and charm.

Haydn's trios may be the best music ever written, and the Beaux Arts performance of them is outstanding. Traditionally Haydn's latter trios are held up as exemplary, but the early trios are wonderful too, if simpler in structure. The 13th in B flat, for example, speaks beautifully with an elegant charm and pure joy.

The sound differs noticeably between these two CDs. The earlier set with Concerti 1, 2, and 4 (BWV 1052, 1053 and 1055 respectively on Sony Classical SK 89245) is a bit harder, harsher and more "digital," particularly during louder passages. Given that type of coloration, I propose that it may be attributable to differing digital recorders, since that is the kind of effect I believe I hear from inferior digital conversion, but the hardness could also be due to microphone choice or placement, mixers or other technical issues. No information about this recording is included other than an Air Studios, London location and engineering by Markus Heiland. The later recording of Concerti 3, 5, 6, 7 (BWV 1054, 1056, 1057, 1058 on Sony Classical SK 89690) was at the same studio by the same crew, but aside from BWV 1056, they were recorded a year later and probably on newer equipment. BWV 1056 on the second disc appears to have been recorded in the same session as the first disc and is noticeably more forward, disintegrated spatially and generally harder. It sounds like the later recordings also used fewer microphones since the result is more like a real, whole space and less like spotlighted instruments or groups of instruments each in an unrelated reverberation space.

The newer tracks are recoded using "24-bit technology" but the note somewhat in contradiction also says Direct Stream Digital (DSD) and SBM Direct were utilized. (In principle DSD and PCM are very different processes, but many of Sony's so-called DSD recordings are from PCM masters, and some of the DSD recorders start with highly oversampled low-bit PCM converters.) Perhaps the later recording was 24-bit PCM then converted to DSD for further conversion into 16-bit, 44.1 kHz using Super Bit Mapping. Or perhaps it was a DSD recording converted to 24-bit before being Super Bit Mapped into CD format. Whatever the method, the sound of the later recording is much smoother and more natural. Instrument sounds, particularly in the low registers, is notably more realistic. Fortissimi are cleaner. Whatever technology was used, the sound of the later recordings is quite a bit better than the earlier ones.

My main general critique of the sound, other than some hardness on the earlier recordings, is that the miking is unnaturally close, and as is unfortunately typical for commercial recordings there seem to be many spot mikes, particularly during the earlier recording session. The resulting sound is definitely more immediate than one would hear from the seats in a concert hall. Spot miking distorts the spatial relationships of the instruments to the hall and other instruments, which is why I and most audiophiles since the early days of high fidelity prefer minimalist miking with a few mikes close to each other but relatively far from the performers and further into the hall. However these are very good commercial recordings of great music. I do find myself better enjoying the music of the later recordings due to their superior sound.

Brahms' beautiful writing is so emotionally evocative that I find myself drawn immediately into the spirit of the music. The Eroica's fresh yet informed readings and outstanding musicianship serve the music wonderfully. Their playing is occasionally more edgy than ballsy, but there is plenty of muscle, fire and love of the music and performing arts here. Oh, and by the way, the Eroica Trio is three beautiful young ladies. Congratulations to them for bringing us this great music! This trio is as heroic as their name boasts.

Liner notes say this was "Recorded on SADiE Workstation 20-Bit using Schoeps 221B Omnidirectional microphones", so we can assume it was relatively direct to hard disk. Engineer was Marc Aubort and the venue was Alexander Hall at Princeton University. The mikes are clearly excellent, though the SADiE recorder is very likely no longer state-of-the art. The resulting sound is very good, but like most commercial recordings the perspective is a bit close. It makes for good delineation of instrument sound, but the sonic perspective is closer than one would normally hear, unless one normally stands on a ladder a few feet from the performers during a concert!

Bruch composed his Violin Concerto a few short years before Brahms, and both are dedicated to Hannover concertmaster Joseph Joachim. Where Brahms deliberately pares down his composition and dramatically omits in places, Bruch is fuller textured and more complete-sounding. Perhaps it's the case that Brahms takes somewhat larger and bolder artistic leaps while Bruch more often seeks beauty in classical proportion and balance. Bruch's orchestrations and tonal progressions sound fully modern. Perhaps this shows how thoroughly the late romantic has actually influenced the contemporary musical ear through movie compositions and so forth. Bruch's joyous, rollicking final movement benefits from completeness and proportion, being pleasingly thorough and fulfilled and a little more grounded and earthly and less flighty than Brahms'. Especially in the final movement, it's clear Brahms was influenced by the spirit of Bruch's earlier concerto. I'm a huge fan of Brahms so that's a big credit. While Salerno-Sonnenberg and the Minnesota give a solid, enjoyable performance of the Bruch, I could have perhaps hoped for a little more verve and a little less classical restraint. I guess I'm being a little inconsistent wishing for more modern performances at times and more restraint at others. Their particular readings may be very appropriate to each work after all. Clean sound on both pieces is a bit distant except for the close miked soloist. Perhaps a compromise microphone placement could have given a more holistic, consistent sound. All in all a very good recording and performance, if perhaps not the ultimate.

Update: After a little more familiarity I must say I really like the more generous pacing of Salerno-Sonnenberg's concerti with De Waart. The modern tendency is to rush through pieces as if a faster pace makes them more exciting, with someone like Ozawa as an extreme example. A slower pace lets the music grow and develop, is better suited to most works, and is often closer to the composer's original intentions and historical performances. Kudos for letting the music thrive by not rushing it.

"He alone has the secret of making me smile and touching me to the bottom of my soul" -- W. A. Mozart

Update: I have become beguiled with these works of F. J. Haydn. Both the 22nd and 104th Symphonies seem musically very satisfying examples of beautifully drawn classicism. The gutsy yet subtle dynamics of Haydn's 104th "London" Symphony, and the intricate, clever and surprising contrapuntal textures, tonalities, phrasings and modalities are far better than a casual listen might suggest. Haydn's harmonies and orchestrations are likewise masterful. Comparing these with Mozart's oft times cherubic compositions, I place Haydn among the better late-Classical period composers.

The Haydn Piano Concerti here rival and perhaps surpass Mozart in their clean lines and pleasing, balanced forms. It definitely helps that Gerard Schwarz conducts the Scottish Chamber Orchestra with great intelligence, vision and sympathy, which infuses the music with strong energy and due reserve where appropriate. Pianist Rosenberger plays delightfully well with the ensemble too. I wonder if my lack of earlier appreciation for Haydn stems from uninspired, underenthusiastic performances. Here these great works get the care and affection they deserve.

Additionally, Hyperion's recording of Paderewski's Concerto in a minor featuring Piers Lane playing with the BBC Scottish Symphony has mesmerizingly beautiful middle section.

Howard Shelley's performance of the Moscheles Piano Concerti 1, 6, and 7 on Hyperion 67385 has very nice sound and a great performance. He is accompanied by the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra. Piano sound is clear and not close. It sounds like a piano in a distinct acoustic space. In other words, the piano has some hall sound around it, unlike most close-miked instruments.

By any measure these are outstanding and very enjoyable recordings, but I can think of a couple things I would do differently. First, use a Steinway, which is what Rach would have played. (Alternatively you could match the recording sessions through Ampico piano playback.) Second, don't model the mechanical player piano; model the performer's input and model out the modern electrical operating system. In other words, play the modern piano as if the performer sat down at it today, not a reconstructed old player piano. If this can be done, it might sound more like a live human performance and less like a player piano performance. Heck I would even place an appropriately tall dummy dressed in a full tuxedo on a piano bench in front of the piano for more realistic acoustic phasing, absorptions and reflections. Irrespective of recording technicalities, the music here is delightful and fantastically good. Highest recommendation.

Stop the presses! The sound on Symphonic Dances is surprisingly good; almost as good as the Vox recording from the 1960s. It has notably good hall and instrument sound if a sometimes noticeable noise floor and some distortion of dynamics. While the liner notes are blank, we can safely assume the recording is no more than 40 to 50 years old. The basic microphone placement and sound mix is excellent. If this were made with modern equipment it would be an outstanding recording. The piece is very sympathetically played by the London Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Sir Eugene Goosens. The good performance and historical sound is another reason to recommend.

Re-listening to this collection, Cramer's Fifth Concerto stands out as interesting. With Beethoven, Cramer was an admirer of Mozart, but Cramer's own work owes more to the Classical period and Haydn. The Larghetto middle movement is particularly pretty and shows some of the cleverness and balance of a Haydn, though Cramer decidedly has his own voice. He also draws comparisons with acquaintance Beethoven, and I find some similarities with contemporary Mendelssohn. His harmonies and orchestration differ significantly, and it would be interesting to discover where he studied composition. The thoughtful 1974 performance by Akiko Sagara with Pierre Cao conducting the Orchestra of Radio Luxembourg piques interest in his other compositions, including the 7 concerti. According to the liner notes, this may have been the first recording of Cramer's major works.